SharePoint 2013 Error: This operation can be performed only on a computer that is joined to a server farm by users who have permissions in SQL Server to read from the configuration database. To connect this server to the server farm, use the SharePoint Products Configuration Wizard, located on the Start menu in Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products.

What is this error?
This error indicates something wrong in connectivity with SQL database and it is related to account accessing it. (The error in SharePoint 2013 says “…2010 Product”!!)

Problem found:
The Managed Account used in SharePoint was Domain account. The password for account was expired so, everything stopped working. SharePoint stores this password in database.

Solution:

1. Change password for account in Domain Controller 
2. Update Password in IIS Application Pools, if used
3. From SharePoint Central Admin, update password for Managed Account

In step 3, Central admin may throw error
“The password for the account domainname\username, as currently stored in SharePoint, is not the same as the current password for the account within Active Directory”

To resolve this, open SharePoint PowerShell command prompt. Run as domainname\username (not local administrator). If local administrator is used then may get access denied

1. Do IISRESET
2. Set-SPManagedAccount - UseExistingPassword -Identity domainname\username
3. This will ask for password, enter latest password. Follows rest of the commands

That’s it!
Enjoy!